RESUMO
Available literature indicates that 30-66% of stroke survivors present persistent upper limb impairment. Considering the importance of upper limb function for activities of daily living, it is necessary to investigate neurorehabilitation therapies that could improve the upper limb function. Among stroke complementary therapies, mirror therapy has shown promising results. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analyses was to review and synthesize clinical evidence on the use of mirror therapy on motor recovery of the upper limb and activities of daily living, and its neural correlates in stroke patients. The literature search was carried out in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Twenty-nine studies met all the inclusion criteria. Two meta-analyses were conducted to compare mirror therapy with sham therapy on two general measures, upper limb assessment and activities of daily living. Results suggest that mirror therapy was better than sham therapy, mainly in the subacute phase, but the meta-analyses were nonsignificant. In addition, mirror therapy and cortical reorganization showed potential neural correlates, such as the primary motor cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex.
Assuntos
Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Atividades Cotidianas , Humanos , Terapia de Espelho de Movimento , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodos , Extremidade SuperiorRESUMO
RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a lateralidade e a destreza manual em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Do ponto de vista da motricidade humana, a lateralidade contribui para o processo de maturação motora. Figura-se entre as principais características do autismo o atraso nas habilidades motoras grossas e finas, com piora progressiva no quadro. Analisar o nível de lateralidade do indivíduo com TEA torna-se importante por possibilitar uma direção na intervenção motora com o intuito de melhorar a funcionalidade do autista e sua qualidade de vida. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por oito crianças, alunos de uma instituição de ensino pública, do sexo masculino, com idade média de 8,75±1,83 anos e diagnosticadas com TEA com base no DSM-V. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes do estudo parecem apresentar lateralidade destra e, também, melhor desempenho com a mão preferida em uma tarefa de destreza manual. Observou-se que, na tarefa que exigiu maior atenção e destreza, a diferença no desempenho das mãos foi significativa. Já na tarefa com menor demanda atencional e de destreza manual, o desempenho entre as mãos não foi significante, porém foi nesse momento que foram observados os maiores erros na execução. A motivação pode ser uma variável fundamental para o desempenho motor em tarefas que avaliam o tempo de execução. É importante uma maior ênfase no desenvolvimento da motricidade desses indivíduos durante a fase escolar para diminuir as dificuldades motoras e, consequentemente, melhorar a qualidade de vida, sensação de bem-estar, autonomia e interação social.
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze laterality and manual dexterity in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). From the point of view of human motor skills, laterality contributes to the motor maturation process. Among the main characteristics of autism is the delay in gross and fine motor skills, with progressive worsening in the condition. Analyzing the level of laterality of the individual with ASD becomes important because it allows a direction in the motor intervention in order to improve the functionality and quality of life of the autistic person. The sample of this study was composed of eight children, students of a public education institution, male, with an average age of 8.75 ± 1.83 years old and diagnosed with ASD based on the DSM-V. The results showed that the study participants seem to have right handedness and also better performance with the preferred hand in a manual dexterity task. It was observed that, in the task that demanded more attention and dexterity, the difference in hand performance was significant. In the task with the lowest attentional demand and manual dexterity, the performance between the hands was not significant; however, it was at that moment that the biggest mistakes in execution were observed. Motivation can be a fundamental variable for motor performance in tasks that assess execution time. It is important to emphasize the development of the motor skills of these individuals during the school phase to reduce motor difficulties and, consequently, improve quality of life, sense of well-being, autonomy and social interaction.
